Fibrinogen

The concentration of fibrinogen in plasma is 200-400 mg/ 100 ml, its main role is to participate in the blood clotting process. In some diseases, there is a slight increase in the amount of fibrinogen, which leads to a reduction in blood clotting time. This hyperfibrinogenemia is characteristic of acute and chronic inflammatory processes, pneumonia, pleurisy, polyarthritis, nephrosis, cystinosis, splenic vein thrombosis, panmyelopathy, hepatitis. After large blood losses, during pregnancy or menstruation, after X-ray irradiation, with some plasmocytomas, the fibrinogen content in the blood plasma also increases and at the same time the rate of erythrocyte sedimentation.
A decrease in the content of fibrinogen in plasma (hypofibrinogenemia, fibrinopenia) is observed in severe diffuse liver lesions, cirrhosis of the liver, yellow liver atrophy, severe infections, especially in severe tuberculosis, bone marrow lesions (leukemia, bone marrow metastases, panmyelopathy), and damage to fibrinogen-producing organs.
In all these cases, it is possible to observe a discrepancy between the increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the severity of the underlying disease (for example, with bone marrow metastases, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is normal).
Fibrinogen deficiency is observed in diffuse intravascular coagulopathy and increased fibrinolysis. This possibility is suspected in case of complications of childbirth (amniotic fluid embolism, meconium embolism, placental abruption, septic abortion, eclampsia), surgical interventions on the prostate, lung and heart or in the postoperative period, with carcinoma of the prostate or lung, with malignant hematological diseases, cirrhosis of the liver, shock, fatty embolism, burns, a snake bite.
Afibrinogenemia, or hypofibrinogenemia, is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disease that is accompanied by a violation of the blood clotting process and is recognized by determining the fibrinogen content in blood plasma.
Early diagnosis of venous thrombosis is based on the determination of fibrinogen content even before the onset of clinical symptoms.
Afibrinogenemia refers to defective dysproteinemia, such as analbuminemia, Wilson's disease — ceruloplasmin deficiency, abetalipoproteinemia, atransferrinemia.
These congenital anomalies (they can sometimes be acquired), together with paraproteinemia, are referred to by the general term proteinopathy and pathoproteinemia.
Mention should be made of alpha-fetoprotein, the appearance of which was considered as a specific sign of primary liver carcinoma, but this protein has also been found in other diseases. For beginners, clarity matters more than inflated numbers. Many onboarding guides include 1xbet free promo code while explaining the 100% bonus of up to €130 available for sports bets. In addition, the casino package of $1950 with 150 free spins gives new users enough room to explore slots and live dealer games without feeling rushed.